Most of Indian population belongs to rural part, out of which people 40 years are suffering from “cracked heels” or “heel fissure”.
Generally heel fissure is a fissure in epidermis part of heels, however when this fissure reaches deep into dermis which is very painful, sometimes blood may ooze out.
Causes of heel fissure or cracked heels are:
1. Zinc deficiency: Around 1/3 of world population is suffering from Zinc deficiency which can be due to nutritional deficiency (major factor), malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, acrodermatitis entropathica (congenital disease due to Zn deficiency), chronic liver disease, renal diseases, malignancies.
Plexiform Neurofibroma is also known as “Solitary Neurofibroma” or “Solitary Nerve Sheath Tumor” is a genetically inherited disorder in which nerve tissue grows to form tumor. Plexiform neurofibroma is a type of generalised neurofibromatosis, which occurs due to overgrowth of neural tissue in the subcutaneous fat.
It is an autosomal dominant which means that if one parent is suffering from it chances to get inherited is 50 %.
If Neurofibroma are small in number they can be invaginated by the fingers to form button hole test is known as “button hole test”.
Fibroids in uterus are also known as uterine leiomyoma, fibromyoma, leiofibromyoma, fibroma, fibroleiomyoma, myoma.
multiple-uterine-fibroids
They are the most common among black womens and around 30% women in their reproductive age are known to suffer from them.
Since oestrogen helps in their growth so their growth is seen during 15 to 45 years of women life, as during this time only the oestrogen is secreted in body.
So fatty women have more chances of getting fibroids as they have more oestrogen.
In 1% of cases leiomyoma can become malignant known as leiomyosarcoma.
Acne Vulgaris (pimples) in Hindi Language known as “Muhase” is the common disease of young girls. Some times they are reddish, pustular, some times in form of black/white heads in medical language known as comedones. This Article also contain “home remedies for acne vulgaris”
Following video from medclip.com explains the pathophysiology of acne in form of animation.
Acne Vulgaris is formed due to 3 processes
1. Increased sebum production
2. Pilosebaceous duct hyperkeratosis
3. Infection of Propioniobacterium Acne in pilosebaceous unit.
Treatment and pathophysiology is being explained in video below
Combine Mnemonics is a student friendly, short pocket, book for final year MBBS students to help memorise major topics related to Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orthopaedics, Paediatrics and Psychiatry.
Book has been published by JAYPEE brothers publication and available at affordable price.
Circumcision is the surgical procedure in which penile foreskin is cut and removed parallel to corona.
Circumcision is performed following causes
1. Religious
2. Diseases like Phimosis: Phimosis is the condition in which foreskin of penis can not be retracted back, how ever when retracted skin is not be able to reverted back condition is known as Para-Phimosis.
circumcision helps in preventing cancer as penis can be kept clean however sexual excitement is decreased after keratinisation of mucosa of glans. Since throughout life, the foreskin keeps the glans soft and moist and protects it from trauma and injury. Read about sexual effects of circumcision.
It is a idiopathic disease precipitating factors are unhygenic conditions so common in low socioeconomic group.
Due to some trauma, cut, infection, scratch mark, bacteria invades, which leads to inflammation of scrotum leading to obliterative arterities which causes fournier’ gangrene.
With in 2-3 days scrotum is sloughed off exposing testicles, luckily testicles are not involved due to thick albuginea.
Watch out the video on causes and treatment of Fournier’s Gangrene below
